Biogeochemical processes in forest ecosystems: A review

Biogeochemical processes are the biological, geological, and chemical characteristics of a forest ecosystem, whereas biogeochemical cycles are the pathways by which vital elements of a living matter are transported through biotic and abiotic compartments of Earth. Forest canopy element transformations, hydrology, soil organic matter dynamics, nitrogen cycling, geochemical weathering, and chemical equilibrium reactions are all examples of significant biogeochemical processes. Atmospheric deposition, hydrology, weathering or mineral weathering, and soil chemical reactions (example, cation exchange and), and biological transfers (example, vegetation element uptake, element mineralization, and nitrification are the key biogeochemical processes that regulate the acid-base condition of soil and water. Ecosystem services are becoming increasingly essential and a cause to promote the use of natural resources in a sustainable manner. Carbon (C) sequestration and nutrient cycling are two of the many significant ecosystem services provided by forests. Forests are a major carbon sink, and they play a vital role in climate change. The nutritional substance is exchanged cyclically between living organisms and their non-living environment is called biogeochemical cycle. All living things require a healthy ecosystem and well-functioning biogeochemical processes to survive and thrive. More extensive and comparative studies will be necessary to predict the future of the environment, increasing forest cover and lowering deforestation and nutrient loss, as well as to identify the factors affected by global change in a wide range of ecosystems. Key words: Biogeochemical cycle, ecosystem, hydrology, weathering, carbon sequestration